The types of all mutable valuesĪre compound types. Iterables are mostly composite objects representing a collection of items (lists, tuples, sets, frozensets, dictionaries, ranges, and iterators), but also strings are iterable. mutable data value A data value which can be modified. An iterable object in Python is an object that can be looped over for extracting its items one by one or applying a certain operation on each item and returning the result. memo Temporary storage of precomputed values to avoid duplicating the same computation. Python’s only built-in mapping type is theĪbstract data type. mapping type A mapping type is a data type comprised of a collection of keys andĪssociated values. The only change in Python 3. Python uses this type internally for important dictionaries, which is why you can’t monkey-patch built-in types willy-nilly. This type is a read-only proxy for a dict or other mapping. Values are looked up in aĭictionary by key. But the PEP did give us a tool for emulating immutable dict s: types.MappingProxyType. key:value pair One of the pairs of items in a dictionary. Each key must be uniqueĪcross the dictionary. This was a deliberate design decision, and can best be explained by first understanding how Python dictionaries work. key A data item that is mapped to a value in a dictionary. Other objects like integers, floats, strings and tuples are immutable, meaning we cannot change their contents. Slices (sub-parts) of immutable values cause a runtime error. immutable data value A data value which cannot be modified. The keysĬan be any immutable value, and the associated value can be of any type. dictionary A collection of key:value pairs that maps from keys to values. Glossary ¶ call graph A graph consisting of nodes which represent function frames (or invocations),Īnd directed edges (lines with arrows) showing which frames gave
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